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INS molecular target information overview


  • Molecular name: INS, insulin
  • Gene family: Neuropeptides
  • Former names: IDDM2; IDDM1
  • Alias: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 2


    • Overview of INS molecular targets


    Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells and some teleost fish. It plays an important role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins by promoting glucose uptake from the blood by fat, liver, and skeletal muscle cells. Glucose taken up by these tissues is converted to glycogen or fat (triglycerides), with the exception of the liver, which converts glucose taken up to glycogen and fat. Glucose production in the liver is strongly inhibited by high levels of insulin in the blood. When insulin concentrations in the blood are high, it is an anabolic hormone that promotes the conversion of small molecules in the blood to large molecules in the cells. When insulin concentrations in the blood are low, it has the opposite effect by promoting extensive catabolism. When pancreatic beta cells are destroyed by autoimmune processes, insulin is no longer synthesized or secreted into the blood, resulting in type 1 diabetes. The combined effects of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors lead to insulin resistance, which is type 2 diabetes. In addition, excessive insulin production by pancreatic beta cells or reactive hypoglycemia are associated with insulinomas.


    Human INS Molecular Target Information


    Molecular name: INS, insulin


    Alias:

    • IDDM
    • IDDM1
    • IDDM2
    • ILPR
    • insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 2
    • IRDN
    • MODY10
    • PNDM4
    • preproinsulin
    • proinsulin

    Gene sequence:NCBI_Gene: 3630

    Protein sequence: UniProtKB: P01308


    Human INS target molecular function (prediction)


    Enables identical protein binding activity; protease binding activity; and signaling receptor binding activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of signal transduction; regulation of generation of precursor metabolites and energy; and regulation of protein metabolic process. Located in extracellular space. Implicated in diabetic retinopathy; glucose metabolism disease (multiple); insulinoma;


    Mouse Ins2 molecular target information


    Molecular name: Ins2, insulin II


    Alias:

    • AA986540
    • expressed sequence AA986540
    • Ins-2
    • InsII
    • maturity onset diabetes of the young
    • maturity onset diabetes of the young 4
    • Mody
    • Mody4


    Gene sequence:NCBI_Gene: 16334

    Protein sequence:


    Mouse Ins2 target molecular function (prediction)


    Predicted to enable identical protein binding activity; protease binding activity; and signaling receptor binding activity. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including cell surface receptor signaling pathway; intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress; and positive regulation of phosphorylation. Located in cytosol; nucleus; and secretory granule. Part of sno(s)RNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex. Is expressed in several structures, including brain; extraembryonic component; gut; immune system; and testis. Used to study maturity-onset diabetes of the young; neonatal diabetes; permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus; type 1 diabetes mellitus; and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in diabetic retinopathy; glucose metabolism disease (multiple); insulinoma; and pancreatic cancer. Orthologous to several human genes including INS (insulin).


    Rat Ins2 molecular target information


    Molecular name: Ins2, insulin 2

    Alias:

    • C-peptide
    • CP-II
    • insulin-2
    • LOC102549619
    • uncharacterized LOC102549619

    Gene sequence:NCBI_Gene: 24506

    Protein sequence:UniProtKB: P01323


    Rat Ins2 target molecular function (prediction)


    Predicted to enable several functions, including identical protein binding activity; signaling receptor binding activity; and zinc ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including negative regulation of catabolic process; positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process; and positive regulation of signal transduction. space. Colocalizes with secretory granule. Used to study hypertension. Biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in diabetic retinopathy; glucose metabolism disease (multiple); insulinoma; and pancreatic cancer. Orthologous to human INS (insulin).