GCG molecular target information overview
GCG molecular target review
Glucagon is a peptide hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells. It consists of 29 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 3485 Da. It plays a vital role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Glucagon acts by increasing the concentration of glucose in the blood. It is also used as a drug to treat some health conditions. It has the opposite effect of insulin, which lowers glucose. When the concentration of glucose in the blood is too low, the pancreas releases glucagon. Glucagon converts glycogen stored in the liver into glucose, which is then released into the blood. On the other hand, high blood sugar levels stimulate the release of insulin. Glucagon prompts insulin-dependent tissues to absorb and consume glucose. Therefore, glucagon and insulin are part of a feedback system that maintains stable blood sugar levels. Abnormally elevated glucagon may be caused by pancreatic tumors, such as glucagonomas, which are characterized by necrolytic erythema, low amino acids, and high blood sugar. This phenomenon can occur alone or in the setting of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I.
Human GCG molecular target information
Molecular name: GCG, glucagon
Alias:
- glicentin-related polypeptide
- GLP-1
- GLP1
- GLP2
- glucagon-like peptide 1
- glucagon-like peptide 2
- GRPP
- preproglucagon
- pro-glucagon
Gene sequence:NCBI_Gene: 2641
Protein sequence:UniProtKB: P01275
Human GCG target molecular function (prediction)
Enables gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor binding activity and identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including positive regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly; positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus; and protein kinase A signaling. Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis; positive regulation of gluconeogenesis; in extracellular space. Implicated in Alzheimer's disease and prediabetes syndrome.
Mouse Gcg molecular target information
Molecular name: Gcg, glucagon
Alias:
- GLP-1
- Glu
- glucagon-like peptide I
- PPG
Gene sequence:NCBI_Gene: 14526
Protein sequence:
Mouse Gcg target molecular function (prediction)
Predicted to enable identical protein binding activity and signaling receptor binding activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; positive regulation of transport; and regulation of intracellular signal transduction. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including positive regulation of gluconeogenesis; positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation; and regulation of insulin secretion. Located in cytoplasm and extracellular space. Is expressed in several structures, including brain; gut; ridge. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Alzheimer's disease and prediabetes syndrome. Orthologous to human GCG (glucagon).
Rat Gcg molecular target information
Molecular name: Gcg, glucagon
Alias:
- GLP-1
- Glp1
- glucagon-like peptide-1
- pro-glucagon
Gene sequence:NCBI_Gene: 24952
Protein sequence:
Rat Gcg target molecular function (prediction)
Enables glucagon receptor binding activity and hormone activity. Involved in adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of appetite; and response to L-arginine. Located in extracellular space. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Alzheimer's disease and prediabetes syndrome. Orthologous to human GCG (glucagon).