EPO molecular target information overview
Overview of EPO molecular targets
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a 34-39 kda secreted glycoprotein that belongs to the type I cytokine superfamily. EPO is mainly produced by cells in the kidney (interstitial peritubular fibroblasts) and liver (hepatocytes and Ito cells), and hypoxia can upregulate EPO production. Erythropoietin is the main hormone that regulates erythrocyte proliferation and differentiation and maintains physiological levels of circulating erythrocyte mass. Mouse erythropoietin has an amino acid sequence homology of 94% with rat erythropoietin and 80% with human erythropoietin. In addition to its role in erythropoiesis, EPO also acts on various non-hematopoietic cells to play its role as a survival and proliferation factor. EPO can stimulate myoblast proliferation while inhibiting its differentiation, resulting in the expansion of the progenitor cell population. EPO is a tissue protective factor that protects neural, cardiovascular, and renal tissues from ischemic and toxic damage.
Human EPO molecular target information
Molecular name: EPO, erythropoietin
Alias:
- DBAL
- ECYT5
- EP
- epoetin
- MGC138142
- MVCD2
Gene sequence:NCBI_Gene: 2056
Protein sequence: UniProtKB: P01588
Human EPO target molecular function (prediction)
Enables cytokine activity and erythropoietin receptor binding activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of apoptotic process; negative regulation of ion transport; and regulation of transcription, DNA-templated. Located in cell surface and extracellular space. Implicated in several diseases, including artery disease (multiple); diabetic angiopathy; familial erythrocytosis 5; ischemia (multiple); and neurodegenerative disease (multiple). Biomarker of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; anemia; breast cancer; eye disease (multiple); and glucose metabolism disease (multiple).
Mouse Epo molecular target information
Molecular name: Epo, erythropoietin
Alias:
- None
Gene sequence:NCBI_Gene: 13856
Protein sequence:
Mouse Epo target molecular function (prediction)
Acts upstream of or within several processes, including embryo implantation; erythrocyte differentiation; and hemoglobin biosynthetic process. Located in extracellular space. Is expressed in several structures, including egg cylinder; embryo mesenchyme; embryo mesoderm; nervous system; and placenta. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including artery disease (multiple); diabetic angiopathy; familial erythrocytosis 5; ischemia (multiple); and neurodegenerative disease (multiple). Orthologous to human EPO (erythropoietin).
Rat Epo molecular target information
Molecular name: Epo, erythropoietin
Alias:
- None
Gene sequence:NCBI_Gene: 24335
Protein sequence:UniProtKB: P29676
Rat Epo target molecular function (prediction)
Predicted to enable cytokine activity; erythropoietin receptor binding activity; and protein kinase activator activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation; and response to dexamethasone. Located in cell body and extracellular space. Used to study retinal detachment and visual epilepsy. Biomarker of cholangiocarcinoma; eye disease (multiple); transient cerebral ischemia; and vascular dementia. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including artery disease (multiple); diabetic angiopathy; familial erythrocytosis 5; ischemia (multiple); and neurodegenerative disease (multiple). Orthologous to human EPO (erythropoietin).