Summary

Performance

Immunogen

Application

Background

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the three-amino acid loop extension (TALE) superclass of atypical homeodomains. TALE homeobox proteins are highly conserved transcription regulators. This particular homeodomain binds to a previously characterized retinoid X receptor responsive element from the cellular retinol-binding protein II promoter. In addition to its role in inhibiting 9-cis-retinoic acid-dependent RXR alpha transcription activation of the retinoic acid responsive element, the protein is an active transcriptional co-repressor of SMAD2 and may participate in the transmission of nuclear signals during development and in the adult. Mutations in this gene are associated with holoprosencephaly type 4, which is a structural anomaly of the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and multiple splice variants encoding distinct isoforms are described. [providedisease:Defects in TGIF1 are the cause of holoprosencephaly type 4 (HPE4) [MIM:142946]. Holoprosencephaly (HPE) [MIM:236100] is the most common structural anomaly of the brain, in which the developing forebrain fails to correctly separate into right and left hemispheres. Holoprosencephaly is genetically heterogeneous and associated with several distinct facies and phenotypic variability.,function:Binds to a retinoid X receptor (RXR) responsive element from the cellular retinol-binding protein II promoter (CRBPII-RXRE). Inhibits the 9-cis-retinoic acid-dependent RXR alpha transcription activation of the retinoic acid responsive element. Active transcriptional corepressor of SMAD2. Links the nodal signaling pathway to the bifurcation of the forebrain and the establishment of ventral midline structures. May participate in the transmission of nuclear signals during development and in the adult, as illustrated by the down-modulation of the RXR alpha activities.,similarity:Belongs to the TALE/TGIF homeobox family.,similarity:Contains 1 homeobox DNA-binding domain.,subunit:Interacts with CTBP, SMAD2, SMAD3 and HDAC1.,

Research Area

Neuroscience; Neurology process; Neural Signal Transduction; Epigenetics and Nuclear Signaling; Nuclear Signaling Pathways; Nuclear Receptors; Co-activators/co-repressors; Retinoic & Retinoid; Stem Cells; Embryonic Stem Cells; Intracellular; SMADs; Neural Stem Cells; Transcription; Transcription Factors; Developmental Biology; Embryogenesis; Embryonic stem cells; Surface molecules