Histone Classification
Histones are basic structural proteins of chromosomes in eukaryotes, rich in positively charged basic amino acids (lysine and arginine), which can tightly bind to acidic DNA and are responsible for DNA packaging and regulation of gene expression.
Two Major Categories by Function and Structure
1. Core Histones
| Type | Molecular Weight | Structural Features | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| H2A | ~14 kDa | Contains C-terminal extension | Forms dimer with H2B, stabilizes nucleosome structure |
| H2B | ~14 kDa | Highly conserved | Participates in DNA wrapping (~147 bp) |
| H3 | ~17 kDa | Contains histone fold domain | Forms tetramer with H4, constitutes nucleosome core |
| H4 | ~11 kDa | Most conserved histone | Participates in histone octamer assembly |
| Target | Cat. No. | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Histone H2A Related Antibodies: | ||||
| Histone H2A | APRab12055 | Histone H2A Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA |
| Histone H2A | AMRe21481 | Histone H2A Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,IF,IP,ELISA,CHIP,Cut&Tag |
| Histone H2B Related Antibodies: | ||||
| Histone H2B | AMRe21413 | Histone H2B Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,IF,IP,ELISA,CHIP,Cut&Tag |
| Histone H2B | APRab12063 | Histone H2B Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Monkey | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA |
| Histone H2B | AMM03592 | Histone H2B (7E2) Mouse Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC |
| Histone H2B | AMM86158 | Histone H2B Mouse Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,ICC |
| Histone H3 Related Antibodies: | ||||
| Histone H3 | AMRe83882 | Histone H3 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ICC,FC |
| Histone H3 | AMM03599 | Histone H3 (Zebrafish Specific) (2C4) Mouse Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat,Zebrafish | WB |
| Histone H3 | AMRe21336 | Histone H3 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat,Cat | WB,IHC,IF,IP,ELISA,CHIP,Cut&Tag |
| Histone H4 Related Antibodies: | ||||
| Histone H4 | APRab03394 | Histone H4 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat,Monkey | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA |
| Histone H4 | AMRe21614 | Histone H4 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,IF,IP,ELISA,CHIP,Cut&Tag |
2. Linker Histones
| Type | Molecular Weight | Structural Features | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| H1 | ~20-22 kDa | Globular domain + flexible C-terminal tail | Binds DNA at nucleosome entry/exit (~20 bp), promotes folding of 30 nm chromatin fiber and higher-order structure formation |
| Target | Cat. No. | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Histone H1 | APRab00543 | Histone H1 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA |
Histone Variants
1. H2A Variant Family
| Variant | Expression Pattern | Localization/Function |
|---|---|---|
| H2A.X | Constitutive expression | Genome-wide distribution; C-terminal SQE motif phosphorylation upon DNA damage (γ-H2AX), recruits repair factors |
| H2A.Z | Constitutive expression | Transcription promoters, enhancers, heterochromatin boundaries, dual functions in transcription activation and repression |
| macroH2A | Tissue-specific | Inactive X chromosome (Barr body) in female mammals; represses transcription |
| H2A.Bbd | Testis-specific | Transcriptionally active chromatin; reduces nucleosome stability |
| Target | Cat. No. | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Histone H2A.X | AMRe12056 | Histone H2A.X (13P7) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC,IP |
| Histone H2A.Z | APRab12060 | Histone H2A.Z Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,ELISA |
| Histone H2A.Z | AMRe12059 | Histone H2A.Z (17I8) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC |
| MACROH2A2 | AMM83434 | MACROH2A2 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody | Human | IHC |
| macroH2A.1 | AMRe13549 | macroH2A.1 (2T18) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF |
2. H3 Variant Family
| Variant | Expression Pattern | Localization/Function |
|---|---|---|
| H3.1 | RD type, mediated by CAF-1 complex | Replication-coupled chromatin assembly |
| H3.2 | RD type | Similar function to H3.1, slightly different expression |
| H3.3 | RI type, mediated by HIRA/ATRX/DAXX | Transcriptionally active regions, telomeres, centromeres; differs from H3.1 by only 4-5 amino acids but has distinct functions |
| CENP-A | RI type, mediated by HJURP | Centromere identity determinant; replaces H3 to form special nucleosomes and recruits kinetochore proteins |
| Target | Cat. No. | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Histone H3.3 | APRab12071 | Histone H3.3 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA |
| Histone H3.3 | APRab00058 | Histone H3.3 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF |
| Histone H3.3 | AMRe85655 | Histone H3.3 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC |
3. H1 Variant Family
| Variant | Expression Pattern | Localization/Function |
|---|---|---|
| H1.0 | Enriched in terminally differentiated cells | Promotes high chromatin condensation |
| H1.1-H1.5 | Somatic expression | Maintain basic chromatin structure |
| H1t | Testis-specific | Chromatin remodeling during spermatogenesis |
| H1oo | Oocyte-specific | Early embryonic development |
| Target | Cat. No. | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Histone H1.0 | AMRe12052 | Histone H1.0 (10F13) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF |
| Histone H1.2 | AMRe02083 | Histone H1.2 Rabbit Monoclonal antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF |
| Histone H1.3 | AMRe02084 | Histone H1.3 Rabbit Monoclonal antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF |
| Phospho-HistoneH1.4(T17) | AMRe83776 | Phospho-HistoneH1.4(T17) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ICC |
Classification by Epigenetic Modifications
| Modification Type | Example |
|---|---|
| Monomethylation（Mono Methyl）：me1 | H3K4me1 |
| Dimethylation（Di Methyl）：me2 | H3K4me2 |
| Trimethylation（Tri Methyl）：me3 | H3K4me3 |
| Acetylation（Ac） | H3K9ac, H3K27ac, H4K16ac |
| Phosphorylation（p） | H3S10ph |
| Ubiquitination（Ub） | H2AK119ub |
| Other Modifications | Citrullination, Lactylation, Crotonylation |
| Target | Cat. No. | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monomethylation Related Antibodies: | ||||
| Histone H2A(mono methyl K118) | AMRe84153 | Histone H2A(mono methyl K118) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ICC |
| Histone H2B(mono methylK116) | AMRe84635 | Histone H2B(mono methylK116) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ICC |
| Mono Methyl-Histone H2B (Arg79) | AMRe04022 | Mono Methyl-Histone H2B (Arg79) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human | WB |
| Histone H3 (Mono Methyl Lys37) | APRab06135 | Histone H3 (Mono Methyl Lys37) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA |
| Histone H3 (Mono Methyl Lys5) | APRab06136 | Histone H3 (Mono Methyl Lys5) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA |
| Histone H3(mono methyl K14) | AMRe84518 | Histone H3(mono methyl K14) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse | WB,ICC,FC |
| Mono Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys18) | AMRe03281 | Mono Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys18) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB |
| Histone H3 (Mono Methyl Lys10) | APRab06134 | Histone H3 (Mono Methyl Lys10) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,ELISA |
| Histone H3 (Mono Methyl Lys80) | APRab06137 | Histone H3 (Mono Methyl Lys80) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,ELISA |
| Mono Methyl-Histone H3 (Arg2) | AMRe04012 | Mono Methyl-Histone H3 (Arg2) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human, Mouse | WB,ICC/IF |
| Mono Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys36) | AMRe03954 | Mono Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys36) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human, Mouse, Rat | WB,ICC/IF |
| Mono Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys9) | AMRe03910 | Mono Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys9) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human, Mouse, Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF |
| Histone H3 (Mono Methyl Lys4) | AMRe21105 | Histone H3 (Mono Methyl Lys4) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA,IP |
| Mono Methyl-Histone H4 (Lys20) | AMRe03937 | Mono Methyl-Histone H4 (Lys20) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human, Mouse, Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF |
| Mono/Di/TriMethyl-Histone H3 (Lys79) | AMRe03999 | Mono/Di/TriMethyl-Histone H3 (Lys79) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human, Mouse, Rat | WB,IHC |
| Dimethylation Related Antibodies: | ||||
| DiMethyl-Histone H3 (Lys27) | AMM03581 | DiMethyl-Histone H3 (Lys27) (5F6) Mouse Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,ICC/IF,IP |
| Histone H3 (Di Methyl Lys10) | APRab06125 | Histone H3 (Di Methyl Lys10) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA |
| Histone H3 (Di Methyl Lys5) | APRab06130 | Histone H3 (Di Methyl Lys5) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA |
| DiMethyl-Histone H3 (Lys4) | APRab00675 | DiMethyl-Histone H3 (Lys4) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC,IP,ChIP |
| Histone H3 (Di-Methyl-K80) | APRab06133 | Histone H3 (Di-Methyl-K80) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB |
| DiMethyl-Histone H3 (Lys36) | AMRe03906 | DiMethyl-Histone H3 (Lys36) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human, Mouse, Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF |
| DiMethyl-Histone H3 (Lys79) | AMRe03979 | DiMethyl-Histone H3 (Lys79) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human, Mouse, Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF |
| Histone H3 (Di Methyl Lys9) | AMRe21084 | Histone H3 (Di Methyl Lys9) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA,IP |
| Trimethylation Related Antibodies: | ||||
| Histone H3(Tri Methyl Lys79) | AMM06155 | Histone H3(Tri Methyl Lys79)(3G3)Mouse Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,IP |
| Histone H3 (Tri Methyl Lys4) | AMRe21106 | Histone H3 (Tri Methyl Lys4) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA,IP |
| Histone H3(Tri Methyl Lys36) | AMM06152 | Histone H3(Tri Methyl Lys36)(Q12)Mouse Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB |
| Histone H3 (Tri-Methyl-K5) | APRab06144 | Histone H3 (Tri-Methyl-K5) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,ELISA |
| Tri-Methyl-Histone H3 (K10) | APRab04156 | Tri-Methyl-Histone H3 (K10) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Rat,Mouse | WB,ELISA |
| Tri Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys14) | APRab00850 | Tri Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys14) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Rat | WB |
| Histone H3 (Tri Methyl Lys27) | AMRe21116 | Histone H3 (Tri Methyl Lys27) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA,IP |
| Tri Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys9) | AMRe87560 | Tri Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys9) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF |
| Acetylation Related Antibodies: | ||||
| Histone H4 (Acetyl Lys16) | APRab06213 | Histone H4 (Acetyl Lys16) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF |
| Histone H4 (Acetyl Lys12) | APRab06212 | Histone H4 (Acetyl Lys12) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat,Monkey | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA |
| Histone H4 (Acetyl Lys5) | APRab06215 | Histone H4 (Acetyl Lys5) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat,Monkey | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA |
| Histone H2B (Acetyl Lys15) | APRab06196 | Histone H2B (Acetyl Lys15) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA |
| Histone H4 (Acetyl Lys8) | APRab06216 | Histone H4 (Acetyl Lys8) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat,Monkey | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA |
| Histone H3 (Acetyl Lys27) | APRab06206 | Histone H3 (Acetyl Lys27) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat,Monkey,Arabidopsis thaliana | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA,IP |
| Acetyl-Histone H4 (Lys5) | AMRe03268 | Acetyl-Histone H4 (Lys5) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,IP |
| Histone H2B (Acetyl Lys126) | APRab06195 | Histone H2B (Acetyl Lys126) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,ELISA |
| Acetyl-Histone H3 (Lys4) | AMRe03275 | Acetyl-Histone H3 (Lys4) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse | WB,ICC/IF |
| Acetyl-HistoneH3(LYs9) | AMRe84307 | Acetyl-HistoneH3(LYs9) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ICC,FC,IP |
| Acetyl-Histone H3(Lys18) | AMRe84527 | Acetyl-Histone H3(Lys18) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ICC,FC,IP |
| Acetyl-Histone H3(Lys23) | AMRe84536 | Acetyl-Histone H3(Lys23) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse | WB,ICC,IP |
| Acetyl Histone H1 (K25) | APRab04160 | Acetyl Histone H1 (K25) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Monkey | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA |
| Histone H3 (Acetyl Lys14) | APRab06202 | Histone H3 (Acetyl Lys14) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,ICC/IF,ELISA |
| Histone H3 (Acetyl Lys123) | APRab06200 | Histone H3 (Acetyl Lys123) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,ELISA |
| Acetyl-Histone H2B (Lys20) | APRab00701 | Acetyl-Histone H2B (Lys20) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,FC,IP,ChIP |
| Histone H2B (Acetyl Lys21) | APRab06197 | Histone H2B (Acetyl Lys21) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Rat,Mouse | WB,ELISA |
| Histone H2B (Acetyl-Lys24/25) | APRab06199 | Histone H2B (Acetyl-Lys24/25) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Rat,Mouse | WB,ELISA |
| Acetyl-Histone H4 (Lys16) | APRab00849 | Acetyl-Histone H4 (Lys16) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF |
| Phosphorylation Related Antibodies: | ||||
| Phospho-Histone H3 (Ser10/Thr11) | AMRe03296 | Phospho-Histone H3 (Ser10/Thr11) Rabbit Monoclonal antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,IP |
| Phospho-HistoneH3(S10) | AMRe83712 | Phospho-HistoneH3(S10) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ICC,IP |
| Phospho-Histone H2A.X (Ser139) | AMM03680 | Phospho-Histone H2A.X (Ser139) (7G9) Mouse Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse | WB,ICC/IF |
| Phospho-Histone H3 (Ser28) | AMRe02090 | Phospho-Histone H3 (Ser28) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse | WB,IHC,ICC/IF |
| Phospho-HistoneH1.4(T17) | AMRe83776 | Phospho-HistoneH1.4(T17) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ICC |
| Phospho-Histone H2A.X (Ser139) | AMRe03773 | Phospho-Histone H2A.X (Ser139) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IP |
| Phospho-Histone H3 (Thr3) | AMRe03284 | Phospho-Histone H3 (Thr3) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,ICC/IF |
| Phospho-Histone H2A (Ser129) | APRab00687 | Phospho-Histone H2A (Ser129) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB |
| Phospho-Histone H4 (Ser1) | APRab00852 | Phospho-Histone H4 (Ser1) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC |
| Phospho-HistoneH2B(T129) | AMRe83770 | Phospho-HistoneH2B(T129) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Yeast | WB |
| Histone H3 (Phospho Thr3) | AMRe21090 | Histone H3 (Phospho Thr3) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human | WB,IHC,IF,IP,ELISA,CHIP,Cut&Tag |
| Other Modifications Related Antibodies: | ||||
| Histone deacetylase 9 | APRab12050 | Histone deacetylase 9 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Rat,Mouse | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA |
| Histone deacetylase 7a | APRab12049 | Histone deacetylase 7a Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA |
| Histone deacetylase 6 | APRab12048 | Histone deacetylase 6 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA |
| Histone deacetylase 10 | APRab12047 | Histone deacetylase 10 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat,Monkey | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ELISA |
| Histone H2B(crotonylK12) | AMRe84162 | Histone H2B(crotonylK12) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF,ICC |
| Histone H2B(formyl K116) | AMRe84155 | Histone H2B(formyl K116) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse | WB,ICC |
| Histone H2B(formyl K108) | AMRe84632 | Histone H2B(formyl K108) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC |
| Histone H3(symmetricdimethylR17) | AMRe84144 | Histone H3(symmetricdimethylR17) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse | WB,ICC |
| Crotonyl-Histone H2B (Lys12) | AMRe03903 | Crotonyl-Histone H2B (Lys12) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF |
| Crotonyl-Histone H2B (Lys12) | AMRe87546 | Crotonyl-Histone H2B (Lys12) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,ICC/IF |
| Formyl-Histone H3 | AMRe86229 | Formyl-Histone H3 (Lys122) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC |
| Histone H3(formylK122) | AMRe84637 | Histone H3(formylK122) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC |
| Histone H3(mutated K27Met) | AMRe84538 | Histone H3(mutated K27Met) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human | WB,ICC,IP |
| Histone H3 (Citrulline R2+R8+R17) | APRab00455 | Histone H3 (Citrulline R2+R8+R17) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB |
Related Products
Super-sensitive ECL chemiluminescent reagent
 | Freya Freya is a technical support specialist at EnkiLife, with expertise in immunology and cell biology, dedicated to providing customers with high-quality product portfolios and technical support to help customers complete research efficiently. |