mTOR Pathway
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR, FRAP, RAFT) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase that functions as an ATP and amino acid sensor to balance nutrient availability and cell growth. When sufficient nutrients are available, mTOR responds to a phosphatidic acid-mediated signal to transmit a positive signal to p70 S6 kinase and participate in the inactivation of the eIF4E inhibitor, 4E-BP1. These events result in the translation of specific mRNA subpopulations. mTOR is phosphorylated at Ser2448 via the PI3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway and autophosphorylated at Ser2481. mTOR plays a key role in cell growth and homeostasis and may be abnormally regulated in tumors. For these reasons, mTOR is currently under investigation as a potential target for anti-cancer therapy.
The regulatory associated protein of mTOR (Raptor) interacts with mTOR to mediate mTOR signaling to downstream targets. Raptor binds to mTOR substrates, such as 4E-BP1 and p70 S6 kinase, through their TOR signaling (TOS) motifs and is required for mTOR-mediated substrate phosphorylation. Binding of the FKBP12-rapamycin complex to mTOR inhibits mTOR-raptor interaction, which suggests a mechanism for the inhibition of mTOR signaling by rapamycin. This mTOR-raptor interaction and its regulation by nutrients and/or rapamycin is dependent on a protein called GβL. GβL is part of the rapamycin-insensitive complex between mTOR and rictor (rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR) and may mediate rictor-mTOR signaling to PKCα and other downstream targets. The rictor-mTOR complex has been identified as the previously elusive PDK2 responsible for the phosphorylation of Akt/PKB at Ser473, which is required for PDK1 phosphorylation of Akt/PKB at Thr308 and full activation of Akt/PKB.
The common mTOR signalling pathway in ocular neurodegenerative diseases.
Relevent antibodies
| Catalog# | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMRe05951 | Phospho-mTOR (S2481) (4Y3) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse | WB,IHC-P,IF-P |
| AMRe14217 | mTOR (1L6) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB |
| AMRe21248 | Raptor Rabbit Monoclonal antibody | Human,Mouse | WB,IHC,IF,IP,ELISA |
| AMRe21154 | Rictor Rabbit Monoclonal antibody | Human,Mouse | WB,IHC,IF,IP,ELISA |
| AMRe21332 | mTOR (Phospho Ser2448) Rabbit Monoclonal antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,IF,IP,ELISA |
| APS0635 | HRP-conjugated Polyclonal Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG(H+L) Secondary Antibody | ||
| AMre80004 | GAPDH (12R9) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody |
Related Products
References
- Sabers CJ, Martin MM, Brunn GJ, Williams JM, Dumont FJ, Wiederrecht G, Abraham RT. Isolation of a protein target of the FKBP12-rapamycin complex in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jan 13;270(2):815-22.[PMID: 7822316].
- Sabatini DM, Erdjument-Bromage H, Lui M, Tempst P, Snyder SH. RAFT1: a mammalian protein that binds to FKBP12 in a rapamycin-dependent fashion and homologous to yeast TORs. Cell. 1994 Jul 15;78(1):35-43.[PMID: 7518356].
- Navé BT, Ouwens M, Withers DJ, Alessi DR, Shepherd PR. Mammalian target of rapamycin is a direct target for protein kinase B: identification of a convergence point for opposing effects of insulin and amino-acid deficiency on protein translation. Biochem J. 1999 Dec 1;344 Pt 2(Pt 2):427-31. [PMID: 10567225].
- Chen J, Yang S, Fan B, Zhu C, Chen Z. The Mediator Complex: A Central Coordinator of Plant Adaptive Responses to Environmental Stresses. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 31;23(11):6170. [PMID: 35682844].
- Wang Y, Fung NSK, Lam WC, Lo ACY. mTOR Signalling Pathway: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Ocular Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Jun 29;11(7):1304.[PMID: 35883796].
 | Flora Flora is a technical support expert at EnkiLife, familiar with immunology and neuroscience, dedicated to providing customers with high-quality product combinations and technical support to help achieve research in neurodegenerative diseases and other neuroscience areas. |