Use at an assay-dependent concentration. For Sandwich ELISA pairing: Human KIM-1/HAVCR1 Antibody(Capture) (EPA1835C), with Human KIM-1/HAVCR1 Protein (EPA1835S) as assay standards. The reference range value is 54.7-7,000 pg/mL.
Target info
Function
Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), also known as T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing molecule 1 (TIM-1) or hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), is encoded in humans by the HAVCR1 gene on chromosome 5q33.3. It is a type I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily, with an N-terminal six-cysteine Ig-like domain, a heavily O-glycosylated mucin stalk, a single transmembrane helix and a cytoplasmic tail. In normal adult tissue KIM-1 is barely detectable, but it is dramatically and specifically up-regulated on the apical membrane of dedifferentiated proximal tubule epithelial cells after ischemic, nephrotoxic (e.g. cisplatin) or inflammatory kidney injury. On injured tubular cells KIM-1 functions as a phosphatidylserine receptor that recognizes apoptotic and necrotic cells, converting the injured epithelial cell into a semi-professional phagocyte that clears dead cells and limits sterile inflammation. Its ectodomain is constitutively shed by metalloproteinases (including ADAM family proteases) from the cell surface into the tubular lumen and urine, and urinary KIM-1 is a sensitive and specific early biomarker of acute kidney injury. In the immune system, KIM-1/TIM-1 is also expressed on activated T cells, B cells and NKT cells, where it acts as a co-stimulatory molecule and a receptor for hepatitis A virus, Ebola virus and other filoviruses, and has been implicated in asthma and allergic disease.
